Site na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na ọkwa nke mmepe mmekọrịta ọha na eze, nkà na ụzụ nke mmepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, na ụlọ ọrụ dyestuff zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ozuzu ya na-egosi ọganihu elu.Dabere na akụkọ nyocha ụlọ ọrụ nke Beijing Yanjing Bizhi Information Consulting wepụtara, nha ụlọ ọrụ dyestuff zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2021 ga-eru A na-atụ anya ka ọ gafere ijeri yuan 275 site na 2025, yana ikike uto ahịa dị ukwuu.
Ọzọkwa, Pampatwar na-ahụ nha ahịa pigmenti inorganic zuru ụwa ọnụ na $ 22.01 ijeri na 2021 ma na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eto na CAGR nke 5.38% ruo $ 35.28 ijeri n'oge amụma amụma 2022-2030, ọ na-akọ na nha ahịa pigmenti pụrụ iche zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2021. ga-abụ ijeri USD 229.1, na-eto na CAGR nke 5.8% iji rute $ 35.13 ijeri n'oge amụma amụma 2022-2030.
VMR's Pampatwar na-akọ na ụlọ ọrụ pigmenti, karịsịa organic pigments, amụbaala nke ukwuu site na ọganihu na ink na ọ ga-eto n'ọkwa dị elu, "agbanyeghị oke ahịa maka organic, inorganic na specialty pigments dịgasị iche dabere na ngwa dị iche iche na ndị na-azụ ahịa Dị otú ahụ pigmenti Mmasị dị iche iche, "Pampatwar na-agbakwụnye, "Ọtụtụ n'ime organic pigments eji ink bụ azo pigmenti (azo, monoazo, hydroxybenzimidazole, azo condensation), precipitated pigments (isi na acidic precipitates) na phthalocyanine pigments, nke dị n'ụdị dị iche iche. nke ndo nkịtị, gụnyere acha anụnụ anụnụ na agba ndụ ndụ.Pigments na-aza 50% nke mkpokọta ihe achọrọ iji mee ink, na-eji pigmenti klas mbụ mepụta inks bara ụba, na-egbuke egbuke na ntụkwasị obi dị mkpa maka iji ogologo oge eme ihe n'ihi na ink ndị a nwere ike ịgbanwe ọdịdị nke ihe ọ bụla.
Mkpokọta bụ isi ihe na ụlọ ọrụ pigmenti, yana nnukwu njikọ abụọ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, yana DIC Corporation na Sun Chemical na-enweta BASF Pigments na Heubach na-enweta ngalaba Clariant pigments.
"Nnweta na nkwado n'etiti ndị obere na ndị isi agba agba agbagoro afọ ole na ole gara aga," Suzana Rupcic, onye isi ngalaba na-ahụ maka ụwa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke Sun Chemical kwuru, ihe agba agba."Kemgbe ntiwapụ nke COVID zuru ụwa ọnụ, ahịa pigmenti enwetala ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, gụnyere mgbanwe ndị a na-atụghị anya ya, ọgba aghara n'usoro ọkọnọ na mmụba na-arị elu kemgbe afọ a."
Mgbe mgbake ngwa ngwa site na ọrịa na-efe efe, ahịa pigmenti na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nrụgide ọnụ ahịa, nke na-emetụta eriri ọnụ ahịa obibi akwụkwọ niile, Rupcic kwuru."Ka o sina dị, n'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a pụrụ ịhụ nkwụsi ike n'ozuzu na ntinye nke akụrụngwa," Rupcic kwukwara.N'ikwu nke ahụ, anyị na-atụ anya na ahịa pigmenti zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-eto ma ọ dịkarịa ala na ọnụego GDP.
Banyere ahịa uto, nkwakọ ngwaahịa ka bụ ebe na-egbuke egbuke maka ụlọ ọrụ ink."Ahịa nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-aga n'ihu na-abụ ebe na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto maka Heubach ma na-anọgide na-elekwasị anya maka ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ anyị," Mike Rester, onye njikwa ngalaba nke ahịa mbipụta na Heubach Group kwuru.
Rupcic kwuru, sị: "Ahịa ahụ na-achọ ngwaahịa ndị na-adịgide adịgide karị, karịsịa na ebe a na-ebi akwụkwọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa, na ndị na-azụ ahịa mara maka nkwado abawanyela ma mee ka ndị na-emepụta ink na-eme ihe ndị a chọrọ."Ndị na-emepụta ink na-elekwasị anya na ink nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-adigide maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa, yana ink na-agbaso ụkpụrụ iwu maka isi ísì dị ala na ihe na-enweghị ịkwaga, anyị na-ahụkwa mmasị na-abawanye na pigmenti maka mbipụta dijitalụ inkjet.
Otu Fujifilm Ink Solutions Group na-enye inkjet inkjet na OEM na nkesa pigmenti na ndị na-emepụta ink ndị ọzọ, Rachel Li, Onye njikwa ahịa, Fujifilm Ink Solutions Group kwuru.Achọrọ mgbasa nke ink pigmenti.
"Inkjet na-adabara nke ọma na ọnọdụ ahịa na-agbanwe agbanwe ugbu a na mkpa mgbanwe nke mmepụta mbipụta: ọnụ ahịa dị mkpirikpi na-agba ọsọ, mbelata n'efu iji belata ụgwọ, centralization na localized ebipụta mmepụta iji belata logistical ihe ize ndụ na-ebelata ụzọ oge, JIT (Dị nnọọ. N'ime oge) nrụpụta, nhazi nke ngwa ahịa site na nhazi oke, mmepụta na-adigide site na mkpofu na mbelata ume, yana ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, "Li kwuru.
"Ink kemịkalụ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka inkjet dị mma maka ngwa ọhụrụ, na teknụzụ mgbasa ozi pigmenti bụ isi ihe dị mkpa nke mmepụta ink," Lee kwukwara, "Anyị kwenyere na ọchịchọ maka inkjet ga-anọgide na-abawanye, na Fujifilm bụ. agba mbọ inye teknụzụ iji kwalite uto a.
Na pigmenti ọpụrụiche, Darren Bianchi, onye isi oche nke agba na-egbuke egbuke, kọrọ na ọchịchọ maka pigmenti fluorescent anọgidewo na-adịgide adịgide, na-agbakwụnye na e nwere usoro siri ike nke na-egbuke egbuke, na-adọrọ adọrọ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, na agba fluorescent bụ nzọ kacha mma.
Bianchi gbakwụnyere, "A ka nwere ụfọdụ ihe gbasara usoro ọkọnọ na ọkara mbụ nke afọ, mana amụma anyị nke ijide ngwaahịa na-enye anyị ohere imezu ihe ndị ahịa chọrọ.""Anyị emegharịla mgbanwe mgbanwe na ahịa pigmenti fluorescent, a ka ga-ahụkwa ma izu ike nke amụma 'zero COVID' nke China ga-eduga n'ịmalite mbipụta nke ụdọ akụrụngwa.
"Mmetụta dị mma bụ ngosipụta nke ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ na akụ na ụba ka ukwuu ka anyị na-enwe mgbanwe nke ọchịchọ, mmụba nke usoro iwu na nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi, nsogbu ndị na-enye ihe, ihe ịma aka ọrụ na ịrị elu," ka Neil Hersh, onye isi ahịa ahịa na ọrụ nkà na ụzụ na Eckart kwuru. Ụlọ ọrụ America.“Nkwanye nke pigmenti mmetụta kwụsiri ike, ebe nrụgide ọnụ ahịa na-adịgide.
Carlos Hernandez, Orion Engineered Carbons Americas marketing manager for covers and printing systems, na-akọ na ọchịchọ maka carbon ojii amụbaala nke ọma n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọpụrụiche na ngwa rọba."N'ozuzu, anyị na-ahụ uto organic na nkwakọ ngwaahịa mmiri," Hernandez kwuru."Anyị na-ahụkwa ikike na-adọrọ mmasị na ahịa inkjet, ebe anyị bụ onye ndu, na-enye ihe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ na arụmọrụ dị mma na ojii gas.Anyị na-ere akara ule FANIPEX na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ maka ahịa a iji nyere ndị na-emepụta ink aka irube isi n'iwu ụlọ ọrụ achọrọ.
Dị ka Phillip Myles nke Colorscapes si kwuo, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta pigmenti ahụla ọtụtụ nkwụsị nke ọkọnọ n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga.Myers gara n'ihu ikwu, "Oge COVID agbanweela usoro oriri.“Oké arịa na-eduga n'ịba ụba nke ọnụahịa mbupu, na-esote mmụba dị ukwuu nke ọnụahịa kemịkal na Eshia, gụnyere ọnụ ahịa mmanụ dị elu, nke niile ebulila ọnụ ahịa pigmenti.Ugbu a, na ọkara nke abụọ nke 2022, anyị na-ahụ mgbazi dị nkọ na enweghị ike na nnweta dị mma, N'ihi ya, ụgwọ njem na kemịkalụ sitere na Eshia dara na mberede.Dị ka a na-atụ anya na-adịghị ike maka pigmenti ga-aga n'ihu ruo 2023, ọnụahịa dị nro ga-aga n'ihu.
The pigmenti ahịa emewo mara mma nke ọma n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, kwuru Tim Polgar, ahịa njikwa maka Liberty Specialty Chemicals Inc. "Anyị enwetawo ezi n'ozuzu uto na ma mmiri dabeere na ihe mgbaze dabeere ink ahịa,"Polgar kwuru.“Ngwaahịa na ọnụ ahịa na ọkara mbụ nke 2020 kwụsiri ike.Ọkara nke abụọ nke 2020 gosipụtara na ọ bụ ihe ịma aka n'ihi ọnụ ahịa dị elu maka etiti etiti, akụrụngwa, nkwakọ na ibu.
"2021 bụ nnukwu ihe ịma aka na COVID na-emetụta azụmahịa niile n'ụwa niile," Polgar kwukwara."Ndị ahịa na-echegbu onwe ha maka inweta pigmenti zuru oke iji zute igwe igwe na ndị ahịa ha, ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu, ọnụ ahịa akpa na ọnụahịa mbupu bụ ihe nro.Yabụ, kedu ihe ndị ahịa na-eme?Ha na-enye iwu karịa ka ọ dị naanị iji jide n'aka na ha nwere pigmenti zuru oke ka ha nwee ike izute arịrịọ ndị ahịa.Yabụ na afọ a bụ afọ siri ike maka ire ere.2022 na-egosi na ọ bụ afọ dị ntakịrị maka azụmaahịa ka ndị ahịa ga-agwụ na 2021 n'ihi ịzụrụ ọtụtụ ngwa ahịa.Anyị chere na ọnụ ahịa ga-akwụsịtụ ntakịrị na 2023, mana anyị na-ahụkwa ihe ịrịba ama nke ọnụ ahịa dị elu na-aga n'ihu.
Pravin Chaudhary nke Pidilite kwuru, sị: “Ka mmachi COVID malitere ịdị mfe na ahịa pigmenti malitere, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere uto dị mma na FY22."N'ụzọ dị mwute, a pụghị ibugharị ume a n'ime afọ a.Ihe ndị dị ka ọgba aghara geopolitical, ọnụ ahịa dị elu na imechi amụma ego nke ọtụtụ gọọmentị tụlere n'echiche nke ndị ahịa.Pigmenti na-ahụ maka agba, ink na akụkụ plastik hụrụ nnukwu ifufe n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ niile.Ọ bụ ezie na anyị chere na obere oge na-ele anya ihe ịma aka, ogologo oge na-anọgide na-adị mma.Mwekota nke afọ gara aga na-akpọsa onye ọkpụkpọ ọhụrụ ahụ na-enye ụzọ dị mma maka ndị ahịa ụwa.
Ohere maka ụlọ ọrụ
(1) Na-aga n'ihu na-ebufe ụlọ ọrụ pigmenti organic nke ụwa
N'ihi mkpa nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike yana itinye ego na ụgwọ ọrụ dị elu, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta pigmenti organic na mba ndị mepere emepe na Europe na United States na-aga n'ihu na-ebufe ikike mmepụta na Asia, guzobe njikọ aka na China, India na mba ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụ na-eduzi ụdị dị iche iche. imekọ ihe ọnụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe .N'otu oge ahụ, na mmụba nke asọmpi n'ahịa ahịa pigmenti nke mba ụwa, karịsịa ahịa azo pigmenti omenala, nnyefe nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ụwa ga-aga n'ihu n'ọdịnihu.N'okwu a, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta pigmenti organic nke obodo m na-eche nnukwu ohere maka mmepe ihu:
N'otu aka ahụ, obodo m bụ ebe mmepụta ihe kachasị mkpa n'ụwa na ahịa ndị ahịa maka ngwaahịa kemịkal dị mma, na ịnyefe ikike mmepụta mba ụwa ga-enyere obodo m aka ịnọgide na-ewusi ọnọdụ ya ike dị ka onye na-emepụta pigmenti organic.
N'aka nke ọzọ, site na nkwonkwo nkwonkwo na imekọ ihe ọnụ na zuru ụwa ọnụ organic pigment emepụta, pụtara ìhè n'ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ngwa ngwa imeziwanye ha teknuzu larịị na njikwa ike, na-atụ anya na-erite uru nke localization uru nagide a na-eduga ọnọdụ na nkwonkwo ventures na imekọ ihe ọnụ, nke. na-enyere aka n'ihu mmejuputa atumatu nke mba ụwa iji kwalite asọmpi isi.
(2) Nkwado amụma ụlọ ọrụ mba
A na-eji pigmenti organic eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche dị ka ink, mkpuchi na plastik, ma nwee njikọ chiri anya na ndụ ndị mmadụ.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ink nke mba m, agba na ụlọ ọrụ plastik, ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọrụ pigmenti organic na akụ na ụba mba na-aga n'ihu.
The "Industrial Structure Adjustment Catalog Catalog (2019 Version)" (nke edegharịrị na 2019) nke National Development and Reform Commission na-akpọsa ga-eme " pigmenti ndị nwere agba agba dị elu, ọrụ, amines aromatic dị ala, enweghị ọla dị arọ, dị mfe ịgbasa, na nke mbụ. agba "," "Mmepụta dị ọcha nke agba, organic pigments na etiti ha, mmepe na ngwa nke teknụzụ ọhụrụ dị nchebe" gụnyere n'ime ọrụ ntinye ego a kwadoro, na-arụtụ aka na nhazi nhazi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, njikarịcha na nkwalite maka anụ ụlọ organic pigmenti. ụlọ ọrụ.Dị ka "Nhazi usoro maka njirimara nke High-tech Enterprises" na "High-tech Fields Support of the State" nke Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Finance, na State Administration of Taxation nyere, "ọhụrụ nchekwa. na pigmenti na ihe eji esiji ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi "gụnyere n'ọhịa teknụzụ dị elu nke steeti na-akwado.Mgbe mgbasa ozi nke iwu ahụ gasịrị, ọhụrụ mma na gburugburu ebe obibi pigmenti na e ji esiji na-enweta nkwado iwu, nke na-enyere aka ịkwalite mmepe nke mmepụta pigmenti na ụdị ngwaahịa na ntụziaka dị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi.
(3) Uto Uto nke Ahịhịa Ahịhịa Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi
Ụkpụrụ ndị na-esiwanye ike maka iji ihe ndị na-acha agba agba site n'aka gọọmentị nke mba dị iche iche ga-amachibido iji ihe e ji esiji mee ihe na pigmenti nke ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na ndị na-emerụ ahụ, si otú ahụ na-enye ohere sara mbara maka ịmepụta pigmenti organic.N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1994, usoro nke abụọ nke iwu ngwaahịa ndị gọọmentị German kpọsara mere ka o doo anya na pigmenti iri abụọ na-emepụta site na amines aromatic amachibidoro bụ ihe amachibidoro pigmenti;na Septemba 11, 2002, European Commission nyere ntuziaka Nke 61 na 2002, machibido iji pigmenti azo nke ga-emebi n'okpuru mbenata ọnọdụ iji mepụta 22 carcinogenic aromatic amines;na Jenụwarị 6, 2003, European Commission kwukwara n'ihu na iji na ire nke azo pigmenti nwere chromium n'ahịa ahịa akwa, akwa na akpụkpọ anụ EU.Iwu REACH, nke etinyere na 2007, dochie ihe karịrị 40 ntuziaka EU gara aga na ụkpụrụ gbasara kemịkal.Otu n'ime ihe na-elekwasị anya n'iwu ya bụ ịjiji, organic pigments, additives, intermediates na ala ala ngwaahịa ha, dị ka ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka, textiles wdg.
Ngalaba dị mkpa na mba anyị ewepụtala usoro iwu na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ iji gbochie ojiji nke ngwaahịa nwere ihe na-egbu egbu na ihe na-emerụ ahụ.Na Jenụwarị 1, 2002, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine kpọsara ma mejuputa "Njedebe nke ihe dị ize ndụ na ihe ịchọ mma ime ụlọ";na 2010, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the National Standardization Management Committee kpọsara ma mejuputa "Njedebe nke ihe dị ize ndụ na mkpuchi ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka";Na June 1, 2010, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine kpọsara ma mejuputa "Njedebe nke ihe dị ize ndụ na mkpuchi ụgbọ ala";na October 2016, National Health and Family Planning Commission wepụtara GB9685-2016 "National Food Safety Standard Food Contact Materials and Products Standards for the use of additives, etc. Iwu ndị a ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-amachi n'ụzọ doro anya ọdịnaya nke ihe na-emerụ ahụ dị ka ndu na chromium hexavalent.Ọ bụ ezie na mmachi obodo m na iji pigmenti nwere chromium ka na-adị mfe karịa mba ndị mepere emepe, na mmepe nke akụ na ụba, ụkpụrụ obodo m kwesịrị ka a ga-emegharị ọzọ wee jikọta mba ndị mepere emepe.Ya mere, ahịa nke ihe ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi ga-abawanye ụba.
Nnweta akụrụngwa
N'ihe gbasara akụrụngwa maka pigmenti, Pampatwar na-akọ na ahịa maka akụrụngwa bụ ihe a na-atụghị anya ya n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
"Ọtụtụ ihe ndị bụ isi na-esiwanye ike ịchọta n'ihi ezughị ezu ọkọnọ na ọnụ ahịa ịrị elu," Pampatwar kwukwara.“Ndị na-emepụta ink, yana ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical na oleochemical, na-enwe enweghị nkwụsi ike ọnụ ahịa n'ihi mgbanwe mgbanwe n'ichepụta akụrụngwa yana mmetụta China na-abawanye na agbụ ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ.
Ọ gbakwụnyere, "Ọtụtụ ihe omume a na-atụghị anya ya n'ahịa ahụ egbochila ọkọnọ ma mee ka ọnọdụ dị njọ ka njọ," ka ọ gbakwụnyere."Ka ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu na ihe ndị dị ụkọ, ndị na-emepụta ink na mkpuchi na-esiwanye ike site na ihe onwunwe na mmetụta nke asọmpi kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ maka akụrụngwa.Na 2022, Otú ọ dị, omume na-akawanye mma.
Ndị na-eweta pigmenti na-akọkwa na akụrụngwa ka bụ nsogbu.N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ enwetala ụkọ na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya na ọtụtụ igbu oge n'inweta ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa dị mkpa iji mepụta pigmenti, Rester kwuru.
Rester kwukwara, "Ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ ọkọnọ zuru ụwa ọnụ abawanyela na 2022, ụfọdụ ihe ịma aka ka dị, anyị ga-aga n'ihu na-achọ igbo mkpa ndị ahịa anyị.""Ọnụ ọkụ ọkụ na Europe na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe agbanwe ma bụrụ okwu na-aga n'ihu na-abanye na 2023.
Hernandez kwuru, "Ụfọdụ akara mmụta ọpụrụiche dị ụkọ, mana na Orion Engineered Carbons, anyị na-emeziwanye ọnọdụ ọkọnọ anyị site na mmefu ego ma na-anabata ahịa nke ọma."
Li kwuru, "Inweta kemịkalụ na ụdọ ọkọnọ abụrụla ihe ịma aka nke ukwuu n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga n'ihi oke ikike na igbu oge ngwa ngwa," Li kwuru."Nke a emeela ka okwu nnweta na mmụba ọnụahịa siri ike.Ụfọdụ n'ime isi ngwaahịa emetụtara bụ pigmenti, ihe mgbaze, photoinitiators na resins.Ọ bụ ezie na a na-akọ na ọnọdụ ahụ na-adaba, anyị na-ahụ ọganihu na ọkọnọ na Asia Pacific, ma n'ozuzu ọnọdụ na-anọgide na-emebi emebi. Otú ọ dị, European ọkọnọ agbụ na-anọgide na-njikọ na nke ukwuu ihe ịma aka n'ihi ọnọdụ na Ukraine, mgbe a nọ n'okpuru adịgide adịgide. nrụgide onu oriri.
JIN DUN CHEMICALewuwo ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche (meth) acrylic monomer arụpụta ọrụ na mpaghara ZHEJIANG.Nke a na-eme ka ọ dị mma nke HEMA, HPMA, HEA, HPA, GMA nwere ogo dị elu.Anyị pụrụ iche acrylate monomers na-ọtụtụ ebe maka thermosetting acrylic resins, crosslinkable emulsion polymers, acrylate anaerobic adhesive, abụọ-mpaghara acrylate adhesive, ihe mgbaze acrylate nrapado, emulsion acrylate adhesive, akwụkwọ finishing gị n'ụlọnga na eserese acrylic resins na adhesive ọhụrụ. na pụrụ iche (meth) acrylic monomers na usoro.Dị ka fluorinated acrylate monomers, Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na onye na-ekpuchi ọkwa, agba, inks, resins photosensitive, ngwa anya, ọgwụgwọ eriri, modifier maka plastik ma ọ bụ ubi rọba.Anyị na-achọ ịbụ onye na-eweta ngwaahịa kacha elu n'ọhịa nkepụrụ iche acrylate monomers, iji kesaa ahụmịhe bara ụba anyị na ngwaahịa dị mma na ọrụ ọkachamara.
Oge nzipu: Mee-17-2023